The Rabbit: “Poster Child” for Animal Rights
“I
should be the poster child for animal rights. I am
slaughtered for my fur. I am slaughtered for my meat. I am
factory farmed in rabbit mills. I am tortured by vivisectors in
their ‘labs.’ I am the third most commonly ‘euthanized’
companion animal. I am hunted and snared. I am the object of
blood sports. I am often cruelly abused. I am given as a live
animal prize. I languish in pet stores. Why aren’t
I?”
—Poster from RabbitWise, Inc., a rabbit advocacy
organization.
This rabbit makes a very good point. One would be hard-pressed to find another animal upon whom so many exploitative and abusive practices converge. The rabbit, in both its domesticated (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and wild (various genera worldwide, notably Sylvilagus, the cottontail rabbit of North and South America) species, is perhaps the prime exemplar of prey animals. It is a gentle, herbivorous, unassuming, and relatively silent creature. This mildness, which is so charming to observe and contemplate, unfortunately seems to practically invite the rabbit’s exploitation in myriad ways by the stronger and more powerful—namely, humans.
Factory farmed and eaten as meat
According to the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), some 2 million rabbits are raised and killed for meat in America each year. Rabbits are raised for meat in the usual crowded, unsanitary conditions that are the standard in the factory farming of chickens and other animals: intensive confinement in wire cages that hurt their feet, near-complete lack of mobility, stress, health disorders, denial of veterinary care, and, nine or 10 weeks later, long-distance shipping in trucks to slaughter.
Rabbits are exempt from the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (1958), which requires that animals killed at federally inspected slaughterhouses must be rendered unconscious before they are killed, usually through a quick blow to the head. Because this rule does not apply to rabbits, they can be killed in any manner, no matter how abusive. The stunning may be done by breaking the rabbits’ necks, but rabbits raised for meat are generally too large for this to be done easily, and many remain conscious and sensate as they are slaughtered. The method of killing can be bludgeoning with an iron pipe, cutting the throat and hanging the rabbit to “bleed out,” decapitation, or shooting.
Factory
farmed and killed for fur
The European-centered rabbit-fur trade (producing countries include France, Spain, Italy, Denmark, and Portugal) likewise breeds and raises rabbits in factory-like conditions that reduce the animals to mere commodities for profit. The most recent figures available (1997) were that France alone produced more than 70 million rabbit pelts in that year; the increasing popularity of fur indicates that the figure has since grown.
Contrary to the claims of the industry, fur is not a “by-product” of the rabbit-meat industry. The rabbits raised for their fur constitute a whole other population. The requirements of the meat and fur industries are at odds, and different production methods—and sometimes different breeds—are used in each. The velvety-soft fur of the Rex rabbit yields particularly high profits; New Zealand White and California White breeds are also commonly farmed for fur as well as meat.
The rabbits are bred frequently, live in crowded cages until separated at the age of about 7 weeks, and are killed at the age of 10-12 weeks (White rabbits) or 8-9 months (Rex rabbits). The bare wire mesh cages in which they are kept hurt their paws, which have no pads. Veterinary care is poor. The buildings in which the cages are kept may be cleaned only a few times a year, after several generations have lived and died there. The rabbits are unable to engage in any kind of normal social behavior or exercise. Stress and other psychological and physical damage are common.
Rabbits raised for their fur are stunned by electrocution or by a blow to the head (smashing against a wall); this method may be used to kill the rabbit or to merely stun it before the throat is slit and it is hung up to bleed out. Some incisions are made in the skin and the fur is then ripped off. This is done in full view of the still-living rabbits who are awaiting their own slaughter.
Further,
HSUS investigations in 2006 and 2007 found that the practice of
mislabeling real rabbit and other fur as “fake” is rampant in
the clothing industry. Six major retailers were found to be
selling such mislabeled products, which bore labels such as
“polyester” and “ecological fur.” Analysis showed that the fur
was real.
Exploited as pets
Rabbits are also bred as pets by small-scale breeders and in rabbit mills (equivalent to puppy mills), and then sold privately or in pet stores, or given away as prizes at carnivals and fairs. Customers usually buy rabbits on impulse, and pet stores rarely provide education regarding the care of a pet rabbit. The new owner is in all likelihood unprepared to care for a rabbit. Although rabbits make good pets in the right hands, they have very special needs, and lack of proper knowledge as to how to care for them leads to the sickness or death of a great many pets, especially after the Easter season, when rabbits are often bought and given to children as gifts. Thousands are surrendered to animal shelters, where they will be euthanized, and countless others are simply abandoned outdoors to their fates.
Abused
in laboratories
The use of rabbits in biomedical and product testing is a
longstanding and well-known practice. Their small size and
docility, as well as the relatively inexpensive cost to obtain
and breed them, make them desirable as test subjects. The
American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) reports that in 2004,
the number of laboratory rabbits in use was over 260,000, and
some 43 percent of those individuals were subjected to tests
that caused pain, distress, or both, sometimes without any drug
relief.
A previous Advocacy for Animals post (“Scientific Alternatives to Animal Testing”) described a very common test on rabbits, the Draize test: “A chemical, such as a cosmetic or pharmaceutical agent, is applied to the skin or eye of a rabbit. The results are supposed to indicate how toxic a chemical is to human skin. The inaccuracy of the Draize test has been recognized for many years.”
Rabbits are also used in vaccine, cardiovascular, reproductive, and other kinds of research, subjected to stress tests and infected with sexually transmitted diseases, for example. Living conditions in the laboratory are poor, as the rabbits are test subjects and as such are fed a controlled diet of pellets (rather than the hay and greens on which they normally live) and are kept in isolation. This results in boredom, illness, and stereotypical behavior such as chewing on cage bars and excessive licking. Rabbits are often killed after the test is over so that their organs can be examined.
Rabbits deserve better
The human relationship with rabbits is a complex one. Symbols of harmlessness and innocence, these furry and appealing animals are, on one level, almost universally beloved (except, perhaps, by the gardeners whose plants they eat); they are icons in cartoons and children’s books. Yet the nature of the animals themselves—their habits, their natural history, and their needs—as well as the many ways in which rabbits suffer at the hands of humans often seem to go unnoticed. Perhaps it is that, seeming so gentle, they are easy to ignore. These much-abused animals deserve to be treated in accordance with their value. It is time to finally notice the rabbits and stand up for them.
Images: Flemmie—courtesy of RabbitWise; fur-farmed rabbits in transport cage and dead rabbits at fur farm in Portugal—© ANIMAL/EcoStorm Productions; laboratory rabbit whose ears are used to feed tsetse flies—© Robert Patrick/Corbis Sygma